基于.NET框架的变压器振动噪声综合分析系统设计与开发

为进一步提升智能化变电站变压器运行数据的管理速率,提高站用状态监测系统的工作效率,文中从变压器振动噪声监测的实际需求出发,在分析数据管理移动技术和算法内嵌技术的基础上,设计并开发了基于.NET框架的变压器振动噪声综合分析系统。该系统以Oracle数据库作为后台数据库,采用Client/Server模式及ADO.NET与MATLAB混编技术,实现了变压器运行过程中海量振动噪声监测数据的读入和存储,提高了监测数据管理效率。同时以内嵌的振动噪声信号处理方法提取了变压器稳态与短路冲击下的信号特性,可为在运变压器的状态评估提供依据。系统运行结果验证了所述变压器振动噪声综合分析系统的可行性及有效性。     

Conceptual framework for decentralized green water‐infrastructure systems

We present a model for a decentralized green water‐infrastructure system (DGWIS) based on a new conceptual framework that optimises the use of captured rainwater, recycled wastewater and renewable energy resources. DGWIS is designed for building‐scale localised water supply systems that utilise rainwater and greywater and incorporate advanced small‐scale water treatment systems and renewable local energy sources such as solar and wind. Several constraints are considered: (i) available renewable energy; (ii) greywater production rate; (iii) potential captured rainwater; (iv) water demand; (v) water storage volumes required to accommodate greywater, harvested rainwater and separate water/energy supplies from the city and (vi) water treatment capacities. The proposed DGWIS optimisation framework demonstrates proof‐of‐concept and provides a solid foundation for an innovative paradigm shift towards water and energy sustainability.     

钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震延性设计

该文结合多次地震中钢筋混凝土框架结构震害情况进行分析,说明框架结构抗震延性设计的重要性。在此基础上对钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震延性设计提出相应方法及要求。     

Decoding borders. Appreciating border impacts on space and people

In our globalised, interconnected world the impact of borders on space and people is increasingly debated. This article aims to unpack the complex concept of “thick” and “thin” borders. It builds on the assumption that borders are boundary sets comprised of overlapping geopolitical, sociocultural, economic and biophysical layers and are the outcome of a bordering process. A two-step approach towards the decoding of borders is introduced. Using a planning perspective, the article seeks to explain the various functions of borders, to examine power practices within the bordering process and to ascertain the relational geographies demarcated by different types of boundaries. It illustrates why those cross-border activities which address only the geopolitical dimension of the border tend to fail.     

A Knowledge Transfer Framework: the PFI context

The UK's Private Finance Initiative market is predicted to rise to over £8 billion a year and there are indications of growing opportunities. PFI creates a long‐term income stream and provides valuable opportunities for portfolio diversification. PFI has evolved at a fast pace and the momentum is set to continue. However, there are major challenges facing construction organisations. These include the lack of PFI experts, longer negotiation periods and tight time schedules to deliver large‐scale schemes, high levels of investment and risks involved and limited knowledge transfer between PFI projects. Concerns over the level of knowledge sharing have prompted the development and evaluation of a Knowledge Transfer Framework that encourages construction organisations to transfer PFI knowledge between projects. It achieves this by building on a questionnaire survey of PFI clients and construction companies, case studies of companies involved in PFI, and research workshops to validate the framework developed.     

The commercial currency of construction framework agreements

A critique is presented of construction client–main contractor framework agreements. In the midst of an unpredictable and volatile construction environment, the commercial currency of collaborative working practice, and by extension framework agreements, is being put under increasing management scrutiny. Drawing on a literature review, the guiding principles of framework agreements are examined. A dramatic downturn in construction demand has created considerable surplus in supply. Under such conditions the buyer–supplier interdependencies become imbalanced and commercial relationships fraught. Reports by construction industry analysts demonstrate a number of private sector clients rejecting framework agreements in favour of traditional competitive procurement practices. Drawing upon a neoclassical lens, three guiding principles embedded within economic orthodoxy are employed to examine business-to-business tensions within construction framework agreements, namely, individualism, instrumentalism and equilibrium. This neoclassical interpretation of construction framework agreements reveals a potential relational management bias within mainstream rhetoric. Notably, providing a complementary account of framework agreements practice should not be construed as a rejection of collaborative working practices. An alternative account of framework agreements is presented that does not rely upon the mainstream behavioural model of contemporary contracting.     

Regenerative design in science and society

The Building Research & Information special issue entitled ‘Regenerative Design and Development’ (2012, volume 40, number 1) describes the emerging theory and practices. This commentary considers how regenerative design and development needs to engage with some broader topics of sustainability and the quest for knowledge. The papers in the special issue raise many matters, but this commentary will concentrate on three of them: (1) issues of scale, in space, time and the system level; (2) holism versus reductionism; and (3) monitoring, evaluation and intervention. Although they must be discussed individually, these topics overlap to a great degree. Challenges are posed on whether professionals and community stakeholders are empowered to intervene at appropriate scales, over sustained periods of time, to monitor operation over the longer term and, if needed, to make further interventions if the design goes awry. Although authors in the special issue question the role of reductionism in favour of a holistic view, there are merits for the use of reductionism, particularly for assisting with uncertainties or identifying constituent parts. A key challenge now will be to explore what practices and operations could provide solutions.

Le numéro spécial de Building Research & Information intitulé « Conception et Développement Régénérateurs » (2012, volume 40, numéro 1) décrit la théorie et les pratiques émergentes. Le présent commentaire examine la manière dont la conception et le développement régénérateurs doivent traiter de certains thèmes plus larges touchant à la durabilité et à la quête de savoir. Les articles figurant dans ce numéro spécial soulèvent de nombreuses questions, mais le présent commentaire se concentrera sur trois d'entre elles: (1) les problèmes d'échelle, dans l'espace, dans le temps et au niveau du système; (2) le holisme par opposition au réductionnisme; et (3) les questions de suivi, d'évaluation et d'intervention. Bien qu'il faille en discuter séparément, ces thèmes se recoupent dans une large mesure. Des difficultés tiennent au fait de savoir si les professionnels et les parties prenantes des collectivités sont en mesure d'intervenir aux échelles appropriées, sur des périodes prolongées, d'assurer le suivi des opérations à plus long terme et, au besoin, d'effectuer des interventions complémentaires si la conception se passe mal. Bien que les auteurs de ce numéro spécial contestent le rôle du réductionnisme en lui préférant une vision holistique, le recours au réductionnisme présente des avantages, s'agissant en particulier de l'aide qu'il apporte face aux incertitudes ou de l'identification des éléments constitutifs. L'une des principales difficultés va maintenant être d'explorer les pratiques et les opérations qui pourraient être porteuses de solutions.

Mots clés: cadre bâti, cadre de conception, pratiques de conception, conception régénératrice, construction durable, développement durable     

“数字奉化”地理空间框架建设总体设计与实现

“数字奉化”是宁波市第一个通过验收的县级数字城市地理空间框架建设项目。本文针对项目总体建设目标和任务,介绍了项目总体架构,并描述了项目建设的技术路线与相关关键技术,最后总结了项目的建设成果和经验。     

Extending and operationalizing construction productivity measurement on building projects

Measuring construction productivity in an accurate, repeatable and reliable way represents a significant problem at a building project level of enquiry. The research develops a measurement framework that balances simplified data gathering against explanatory ability. It aims to assist analytically driven process improvement. Debate and discourse are used to draw upon the extant literature in creating a logic-based flow of ideas to develop the framework. Targeted use of empirical cost and site process data from case studies are presented to punctuate the discourse. The derived approach advocates multifactor measurement inclusive of labour and temporary production infrastructure inputs, set against Gross Floor Area outputs. Emphasis is placed on separately measuring homogenous and heterogeneous parts of work processes. A reductionist approach is used to operationalize measurement where projects are categorized according to fitness-for-purpose criteria and links made between systems, activities and tasks. Emphasizing measurement of homogenous parts of the work is new to the literature. It enables delineated measurement between work involving mass economies of scale (homogenous work), versus customized work (heterogeneous work). The approach enables improved benchmarking, diagnostic and predicative options. A course of ongoing research is provided to assist ongoing development and implementation.     

750kV配电装置构架结构选型及优化分析

根据设备布置方案,750kV配电装置区构架采用连续构架的布置形式。论文通过三维建模计算分析,确定了750kV联合构架最优结构型式,同时优化了构架节点设计,分析了温度作用及风荷载对结构体系的影响,以期达到指导后续工程设计的目的。